{"id":2198,"date":"2025-06-23T15:11:25","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T08:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mina.ai.vn\/?p=2198"},"modified":"2025-06-23T15:11:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-23T08:11:25","slug":"huong-dan-toan-dien-de-tro-thanh-mot-quan-ly-san-pham-xuat-sac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/?p=2198","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ec3 Tr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh M\u1ed9t Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m Xu\u1ea5t S\u1eafc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"embed-spotify\"><iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/20Czm4Kg46mGznvXXTqUVt?si=985a8c0063fc436c&#038;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Product Manager &#8211; PM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111a di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Vai Tr\u00f2 C\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.1. \u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m giao ti\u1ebfp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao ti\u1ebfp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u ti\u00ean, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh. PM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh (Key Performance Indicators &#8211; KPI) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u (metrics). Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PM xoay quanh c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.2. C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i H\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan (stakeholders) m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (Internal Product Manager)<\/strong>: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ty. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Business-to-Business &#8211; B2B PM \/ SAAS &#8211; Software as a Service PM)<\/strong>: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c PM B2B t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc b\u1edfi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (Business-to-Consumer &#8211; B2C PM)<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cao, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. PM B2C \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao do c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, k\u00e9o theo r\u1ee7i ro t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.3. Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd D\u1ef1 \u00c1n<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi KPI ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.4. M\u1ed9t Ng\u00e0y L\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7c C\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t PM<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a PM th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra email v\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0nh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp giao ban (standup meeting) h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng. PM c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi. Vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (specs), phi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (tickets), c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (user stories) cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.5. K\u1ef9 N\u0103ng Giao Ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t PM, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m giao ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u1ecdp h\u00e0nh<\/strong>: T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 g\u1eedi email t\u00f3m t\u1eaft sau cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Email<\/strong>: Vi\u1ebft tin nh\u1eafn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u00fac t\u00edch, k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/strong>: Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>PM c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m do ch\u01b0a cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n cho h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng coi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m. Lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sau. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, c\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh (doanh thu v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u) v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp theo phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. C\u00e1c K\u1ef9 N\u0103ng v\u00e0 Quy Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ed1t L\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.1. \u00dd T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 Nhu C\u1ea7u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u00f9ng<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t PM, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi &#8220;T\u1ea1i sao?&#8221; ba l\u1ea7n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111au th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (users) v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (customers). \u0110\u00f4i khi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng). Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau: c\u00f4ng ty mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chung h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.2. Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i Th\u1ee7 C\u1ea1nh Tranh<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, PM c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Market Sizing)<\/strong>: C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00ednh:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng (Top-down)<\/strong>: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm t\u1ed5ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1ea1c quan h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean (Bottom-up)<\/strong>: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m Google t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ng\u00e0nh, Compete.com (l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp trang web \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7), Google AdWords Keyword Planner, Twitter v\u00e0 Reddit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ebfu th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chia \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: <strong>\u0110\u00e3 bi\u1ebft (Known)<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>Ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft (Unknown)<\/strong>. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Google &#8220;[t\u00ean c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n] versus&#8221;. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 cho ai, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Google nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o), t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm &#8220;site: [trang web ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn]&#8221; v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (Reddit, Quora, Yahoo Answers), ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p (c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/strong>: C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (Direct)<\/strong>: C\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n lo ng\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp (Indirect)<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng (Potential)<\/strong>: Cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thay th\u1ebf (Substitute)<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u1ea7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 thay th\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (#1 Product Core)<\/strong>: Ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m? \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quy m\u00f4 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (#2 Size of User Base)<\/strong>: C\u01a1 s\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1edbn mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi ra m\u1eaft t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (#3 Design)<\/strong>: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u (#4 Brand)<\/strong>: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 (#5 Speed)<\/strong>: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7. C\u00f4ng ty c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u00e0ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng (Feature Table)<\/strong>: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 so s\u00e1nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng. Tr\u1ee5c X l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, tr\u1ee5c Y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n so s\u00e1nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng\/y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng X, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m Y. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/strong>: C\u1ea7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn 5 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tr\u00ean v\u00e0 3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 (Funding)<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy m\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Xem Crunchbase.com.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mua l\u1ea1i (Acquisitions)<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty mua l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Xem Crunchbase.com.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi<\/strong>: C\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng. Xem Mention.com (theo d\u00f5i m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn) v\u00e0 Google Alerts (th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.3. Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n Kh\u00e1ch H\u00e0ng (Customer Development)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 PM s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh giao ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Steve Blank ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Chu tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong>:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (Validation)<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (Development of first version)<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (Iteration)<\/strong>: C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng, ai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu g\u00ec, v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0o. PM s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4 Lo\u1ea1i Ph\u1ecfng V\u1ea5n<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 (Exploratory interview)<\/strong>: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111au nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (Validation interview)<\/strong>: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00f3. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi sai l\u1ec7ch. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\/\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng (Satisfaction oriented interview)<\/strong>: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng\/kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m g\u00ec?&#8221;, &#8220;Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho b\u1ea1n?&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 (Efficiency interview)<\/strong>: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;T\u00ednh n\u0103ng X d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n?&#8221;, &#8220;N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m __, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i?&#8221;. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong>: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Pre-product)<\/strong>: T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111au v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (validation) v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng; kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sau khi c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Post-product)<\/strong>: T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111au v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3; d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea1n n\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ai<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay h\u1eadu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Pre-product<\/strong>: B\u1ea1n \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (validation). T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1: b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2: b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp &#8220;3 Question Stud&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cao nh\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn\/kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thanh to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Post-product<\/strong>: B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n cho ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (Pre-product)<\/strong>: LinkedIn (kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c), Forums (Reddit.com, Quora.com), Twitter, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh (trang m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, blog, t\u00ecm c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang n\u00f3i).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u00ean trong (Post-product)<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty (Intercom.io, Olark, Tawk.to), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (Power users), Blog c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 Twitter (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/strong>: Email t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng 4-7 c\u00e2u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1eabu nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong>: Cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n coi tr\u1ecdng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u1eb9o th\u00eam<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n) v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed VIP. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/strong>: \u0110\u1eebng h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd lo l\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trung l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eebng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00f3<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m. Khi b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i: &#8220;\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fa v\u1ecb, k\u1ec3 t\u00f4i nghe th\u00eam.&#8221;. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Ai l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n n\u00f3? T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n n\u00f3?.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u1edf<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Quy t\u1eafc 1: Lu\u00f4n h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edf<\/strong>: Gi\u00fap h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quy t\u1eafc 2: \u0110\u1eebng h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quy t\u1eafc 3: \u0110\u1eebng h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quy t\u1eafc 4: \u0110\u1eebng h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft<\/strong>: B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 g\u00e2y sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quy t\u1eafc 5: \u0110\u1eebng h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/strong>: \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f3 x\u1eed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00e2n dung ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (User Personas)<\/strong>: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean, tu\u1ed5i, \u1ea3nh\/ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Data Diet)<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sai. Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;m\u00f3n \u0103n&#8221; trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m: ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, tin t\u1ee9c, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.4. Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7m (MVP &#8211; Minimum Viable Product)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MVP l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u1edbi \u00edt t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c (validated learning) t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. &#8220;Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhanh&#8221; (fail fast) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch PM suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 MVP<\/strong>: Trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn, PM kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. R\u1ee7i ro t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng hay kh\u00f4ng. PM \u1edf c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng MVP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>7 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh MVP<\/strong>:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\/gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng xung quanh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (Minimum Criteria for Success &#8211; MCS) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i MVP b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m MVP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: &#8220;\u0110\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8230;&#8221;. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng r\u1ee7i ro\/kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n (Risk\/Difficulty Square)<\/strong>: \u01afu ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00ean nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 &#8220;R\u1ee7i ro cao \/ Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1ea5p&#8221;. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ec3m tra lo\u1ea1i &#8220;R\u1ee7i ro cao \/ Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cao&#8221;. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra lo\u1ea1i &#8220;R\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5p \/ Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1ea5p&#8221; v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8220;R\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5p \/ Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cao&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft (Hypothesis)<\/strong>: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n tin l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: &#8220;Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin [nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau] s\u1ebd [h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n] v\u00ec [l\u00fd do].&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PM thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3: &#8220;N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i [h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng], ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin [\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng] s\u1ebd [h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\/k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n] v\u00ec [l\u00fd do].&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t cho PM: &#8220;Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin [\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng] c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t [v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1] v\u00ec [l\u00fd do]. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i [h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng], s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u [s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y] s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (Minimum Criteria for Success &#8211; MCS)<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hay kh\u00f4ng. MCS mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i MVP<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp ra m\u1eaft.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MVP email<\/strong>: Nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u00f3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MVP n\u00fat \u1ea9n (Shadow button)<\/strong>: D\u1ec5 l\u00e0m, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: tr\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p, trang web tr\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MVP trang Coming Soon v\u00e0 404<\/strong>: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp trang, n\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1ed7i 404 ho\u1eb7c trang &#8220;coming soon&#8221; v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd. C\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u00edt ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MVP video gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (Explainer videos)<\/strong>: Video chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, bao ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MVP trang \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3 (Fake landing page pitch experiment)<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t trang duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (call to action), v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MVP d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap (Concierge service)<\/strong>: Thay v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng\/s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u1ef1 tay gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: r\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u00ec, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MVP l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p (Piecemeal MVP)<\/strong>: Thay v\u00ec t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: kh\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wizard of Oz MVP<\/strong>: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/strong>: Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m MVP s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u). Sau khi thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u1ea7n so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi MCS \u0111\u1ec3 xem th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng. C\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u T\u1ea0I SAO kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m MVP c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.5. Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m H\u00f3a Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p (Wireframing)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wireframing l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Wireframes l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c quan cho trang web ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00f4 s\u01a1 n\u01a1i n\u1ed9i dung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Wireframes so v\u1edbi Mockups so v\u1edbi Prototypes<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Wireframes<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u1ebd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chung, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5: Balsamiq, Axure, Omnigraffle, Hotgloo, POP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mockups<\/strong>: Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u0129nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n, do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5: Photoshop, Sketch, Illustrator, Axure, UXPin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prototypes<\/strong>: X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u1ef1c cao, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong lu\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5: Keynote, POP, Axure, Proto.io, InVision.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o (Sketching)<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y.\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t, ghi ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 trang ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1ebd logo v\u00e0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a trang n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec?. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/strong>: POP (popapp.in) gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam lu\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o wireframe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Balsamiq l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o wireframes \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, cho ph\u00e9p th\u00eam c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t\/chia s\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.6. C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 S\u1ed1 (Metrics) Cho Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PM xoay quanh c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng &amp; K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t (Growth &amp; Activation)<\/strong>: \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (t\u1ed5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1edbi theo ngu\u1ed3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t &#8211; activated users).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n (Retention)<\/strong>: Theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n &#8211; retained users, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i &#8211; resurrected users).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c (Engagement)<\/strong>: Theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (User happiness)<\/strong>: Theo d\u00f5i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (\u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u r\u00f2ng &#8211; net promoter scores, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Doanh thu (Revenue)<\/strong>: Theo d\u00f5i doanh thu (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi &#8211; lifetime value, chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n mua l\u1ea1i &#8211; cost per acquisition, doanh thu \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng\/n\u0103m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t<\/strong>: C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean: d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u (Understandable), l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 (Rate or Ratio), t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan (Correlated), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (Changeable).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c framework \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AARRR (Pirate) metrics framework<\/strong>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m: Acquisition (thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng), Activation (k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng), Retention (gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng), Referral (gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c), v\u00e0 Revenue (doanh thu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HEART metrics framework<\/strong>: Gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, bao g\u1ed3m: Happiness (h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng), Engagement (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c), Adoption (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng), Retention (gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n), v\u00e0 Task Success (ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng). V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1, b\u1ea1n theo d\u00f5i 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (Goals), T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (Signals), v\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 (Metrics).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 theo d\u00f5i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1<\/strong>: Google Analytics, CrazyEgg, KISSmetrics, Mixpanel, Optimizely, v\u00e0 Segment (m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.7. X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m: Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd D\u1ef1 \u00c1n cho PM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Epic<\/strong>: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Epics \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t &#8220;sprint&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng; n\u1ebfu ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t sprint, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;user stories&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Epic spec sheets<\/strong>: L\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u (summary, metrics, links), Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (features), Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (sketches, prototypes), v\u00e0 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (technology side). B\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>User stories v\u00e0 acceptance criteria<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>User stories<\/strong>: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng: &#8220;V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t X, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m Y, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Z&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Acceptance criteria<\/strong>: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. PM ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ra c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u00e0 velocity<\/strong>: Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8220;velocity&#8221; (v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c). &#8220;Story points&#8221; l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u. &#8220;Velocity&#8221; l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng story points m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t sprint 2 tu\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Roadmapping<\/strong>: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chung v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 xem c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 theo qu\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean: Ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, Trung h\u1ea1n, D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean (Prioritization)<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PM. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh (Assumption testing)<\/strong>: \u01afu ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p BUC (Business, User, Cost)<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh doanh, l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MOSCOW (Must, Should, Could, Would)<\/strong>: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c: Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m (Must), N\u00ean l\u00e0m (Should), C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m (Could), v\u00e0 S\u1ebd l\u00e0m (Would).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.8. Quy Tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Lu\u1eadn<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ea3i qua 7 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Conceive (H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng)<\/strong>: Thu th\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Plan (L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch)<\/strong>: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, l\u1eadp roadmap.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Develop (Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n)<\/strong>: L\u1eadp th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u, vi\u1ebft t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, user stories, specs, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Iterate (L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i)<\/strong>: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh MVP ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu ban \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Launch (Ra m\u1eaft)<\/strong>: H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 marketing, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, PR, b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho ra m\u1eaft c\u00f4ng khai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Steady state (Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/strong>: Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, doanh s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Maintain or kill (Duy tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/strong>: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh duy tr\u00ec hay ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (&#8220;sun-setting&#8221; &#8211; chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh g\u1ecdn (Lean Product Development)<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agile<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy tinh g\u1ecdn v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 Agile, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u00f4 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scrum<\/strong>: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn Agile ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Bao g\u1ed3m: cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint (sprint planning meeting), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo sprint (th\u01b0\u1eddng 2 tu\u1ea7n), cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (standup meetings), v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft (retrospective meetings).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kanban<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 Scrum v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. C\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng Kanban v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 th\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n (To do, In progress, Done). Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sprint.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Waterfall<\/strong>: Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Agile, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.9. T\u1eeb Ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd T\u00ednh N\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i &#8220;Kh\u00f4ng&#8221;<\/strong>: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i &#8220;Kh\u00f4ng&#8221;, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i &#8220;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&#8221; hay &#8220;sau n\u00e0y&#8221;. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1eafn k\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c l\u00fd do ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng bao g\u1ed3m: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t (nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ec7ch), ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat (nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n), kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eafp b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng), ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u00f3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn (l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m), h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u00f3i (suy lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c (l\u00e0m v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec mu\u1ed1n (d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng), 713.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m), \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3 (ch\u1ec9 sao ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu), n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m (s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m v\u1ea1ch ranh gi\u1edbi), s\u1ebfp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 (d\u1ef1 \u00e1n y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3&#8221; (spculation).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&#8220;Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf&#8221;<\/strong>: Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed cho QA, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh axit cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi<\/strong>: M\u1ed7i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m &#8220;c\u00f3&#8221; th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f3 v\u1eabn s\u1ebd quan tr\u1ecdng trong 5 n\u0103m n\u1eefa ch\u1ee9?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ed5 sung hay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00f3 sao cho ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi<\/strong>: Quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng &#8220;feature flags&#8221;:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (Team testing)<\/strong>: Tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng ty (Company testing)<\/strong>: Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Beta gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (Restricted beta)<\/strong>: Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (Full roll out)<\/strong>: Cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn cho t\u00ednh n\u0103ng (Message schedule)<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u00fd do t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/strong>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd (gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap), d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u1ea9n, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m), v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/strong>: Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1ea9n kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1edbi, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. T\u00ecm Ki\u1ebfm Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m Li\u00ean Quan<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c PM l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.1. T\u00edch L\u0169y Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m T\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c Hi\u1ec7n T\u1ea1i<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho PM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u ti\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i\/b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n PM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.2. X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 B\u1eb1ng D\u1ef1 \u00c1n C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n (Side Project)<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kinh nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu (prototypes) cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.3. X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7u C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n<\/strong> C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n uy t\u00edn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trang web ho\u1eb7c blog n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 PM v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m: l\u00fd do m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 5 sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch PM, ho\u1eb7c suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0nh l\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tham gia h\u1ecfi\/\u0111\u00e1p tr\u00ean Quora.com li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. T\u00ecm Ki\u1ebfm Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.1. N\u01a1i T\u00ecm Ki\u1ebfm C\u01a1 H\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Trong c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/strong>: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang l\u00e0m, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi (Networking)<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. Tham gia c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp tr\u00ean Meetup.com trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong>: C\u00e1c trang web nh\u01b0 Angellist.com v\u00e0 Hacker News (t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm &#8220;Ask HN: Who is hiring?&#8221;), c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Facebook v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m PM trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch g\u1eedi th\u01b0 (mailing lists) nh\u01b0 kennorton.com c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng tin tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.2. Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u1ea7n L\u01b0u \u00dd Khi T\u00ecm Vi\u1ec7c<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c blog c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.3. T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 (Resume)<\/strong> N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m PM tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kinh nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n theo c\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c PM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Bi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: Thay v\u00ec m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, h\u00e3y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i &#8220;T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch marketing,&#8221; h\u00e3y n\u00f3i &#8220;T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00ean 20% trong su\u1ed1t n\u0103m&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. Ph\u1ecfng V\u1ea5n Tuy\u1ec3n D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.1. Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t Nh\u1ea5t Khi Ph\u1ecfng V\u1ea5n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo<\/strong>: Ch\u00fa \u00fd k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi, ghi ch\u00fa (tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt l\u00fd) cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sai, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay<\/strong>: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?&#8221;, &#8220;Nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y trong n\u0103m t\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&#8221;, &#8220;C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba ra m\u1eaft?&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.2. C\u00e1ch Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Ph\u1ecfng V\u1ea5n \u0110\u00fang C\u00e1ch<\/strong> C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i sao, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 PM, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.3. M\u1eb9o N\u1ed9i B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ec3 C\u00f3 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c: D\u1ef1 \u00c1n Th\u1ec3 Hi\u1ec7n<\/strong> M\u1ed9t m\u1eb9o t\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng ty m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 g\u1eedi n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/strong>: T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, ng\u00e0nh, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m: m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, wireframes c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m A\/B, t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>G\u1eedi email t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho h\u1ecd, c\u1ea3m \u01a1n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00ean blog ho\u1eb7c trang web c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n. H\u00e3y cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. Sau Khi Nh\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m sau khi nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c PM:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp 1-1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m (h\u1ecfi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ghi ch\u00fa).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t (epics, b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh di \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo d\u00f5i).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 s\u1ebfp (h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng cho vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Product Manager &#8211; PM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111a di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[160,161,166,190],"class_list":["post-2198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-development","tag-product-management","tag-product-manager","tag-quan-ly-san-pham","tag-startup"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2198","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2198"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2198\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mina.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}